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Pappy Boyington - Dead or Alive?

Today's Aerospace Story

By then, Boyington had become a legend without knowing it.

In 1943, Major Gregory “Pappy” Boyington commanded the VMF-214 “Black Sheep Squadron,” one of the most chaotic and feared fighter units in the Pacific during World War II. The pilots flew rugged Vought F4U Corsair aircraft from rough island airstrips scattered across the Solomon Islands.

The squadron had a reputation that matched its nickname.

Many of Boyington’s pilots were considered troublemakers, transfers, or men who had clashed with other units. They were not the clean-cut hero's military propaganda usually highlighted. But under Boyington’s leadership, they became one of the most lethal fighter groups in the Pacific.

Boyington himself was already a controversial figure.

Before joining the Marine Corps squadron, he had secretly flown combat missions in China in 1941 with the American Volunteer Group, better known as the Flying Tigers. By the time he arrived in the Pacific theater, he was already an experienced and aggressive fighter pilot.

During the brutal air battles over Rabaul in 1943, Boyington began stacking victories quickly.

On January 3, 1944, while leading a mission against Japanese forces near Rabaul, Boyington engaged enemy fighters in a chaotic dogfight over the sea. His Corsair was hit during the battle, and witnesses saw his plane crash into the water.

He disappeared.

The Marine Corps assumed he had been killed in action. Newspapers reported the loss, and his squadron continued fighting without him.

But Boyington had survived the crash.

Japanese forces captured him and transferred him through several prisoner camps across the Pacific. For nearly 20 months, he endured brutal conditions, including starvation, disease, and repeated interrogations. His weight dropped dramatically as the war dragged on.

Back in the United States, something strange happened.

Military records continued to credit Boyington with additional confirmed aerial victories from earlier missions, eventually bringing his total to 28 enemy aircraft destroyed, making him the highest-scoring Marine Corps fighter ace of World War II.

The government awarded him the Medal of Honor and the Navy Cross.

But Boyington himself had no idea.

He was still sitting in a prison camp.

When Japan surrendered in August 1945, American forces began liberating prisoner camps across the Pacific. One of the surviving prisoners who emerged shocked the military officials waiting for them.

Gregory “Pappy” Boyington.

The pilot the United States believed had died in battle had actually survived the war in captivity.

Weeks later, in October 1945, President Harry S. Truman personally presented Boyington with the Medal of Honor at the White House.

The citation honored the same man who had once led a squadron of misfits into the skies over the Pacific and turned them into one of the most feared air units of the war.

For nearly two years, Gregory “Pappy” Boyington was remembered as a fallen hero.

Then he walked back into history alive.